Azalea
Azaleas are flowering shrubs with spectacular blooms in spring. These acid-loving green plants come in a variety of sizes and colors, perfect for adding seasonal color to woodland gardens and shaded landscapes.
Azalea Care Guide
Environment
Azaleas thrive in dappled sunlight or partial shade with acidic, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. They prefer protected locations with shelter from harsh winds.
Light
Dappled sunlight or partial shade is ideal. Morning sun with afternoon shade protects from leaf scorch in hot climates. Too much shade reduces flowering.
Temperature
Hardy varieties available for USDA zones 4-9, depending on species. Protect from harsh winter winds in colder regions.
Watering
Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry. Mulch to retain moisture and reduce watering needs.
Humidity
Prefers moderate to high humidity. In dry climates, regular watering and mulching help maintain adequate moisture levels.
Fertilizing
Apply an acid-forming fertilizer specifically formulated for azaleas and rhododendrons in early spring after flowering. Avoid fertilizing after mid-summer to prevent tender new growth before winter.
Care Tips
- Plant in acidic soil with a pH of 4.5-6.0. Use acidic amendments like peat moss or sulfur to lower pH if needed.
- Apply a 2-3 inch layer of organic mulch like pine needles or shredded oak leaves to maintain soil acidity and moisture.
- Prune immediately after flowering to avoid removing next year's flower buds.
- Protect from winter sun and wind in colder regions to prevent desiccation.
Common Problems
- Chlorosis (yellowing leaves with green veins) indicates alkaline soil or iron deficiency - apply iron sulfate and acidify soil.
- Lace bugs cause stippled, bleached foliage and leave black spots of excrement on the undersides of leaves.
- Root rot can occur in poorly draining soils or from overwatering.
- Dieback may indicate Phytophthora fungal disease, especially in wet conditions.
Seasonal Care
Spring
Spectacular flowering period. Apply fertilizer after blooming. Prune if needed immediately after flowering.
Summer
Water deeply during dry periods. Avoid overhead watering which can promote fungal issues.
Fall
Reduce watering as temperatures cool. Some varieties may develop attractive fall foliage color.
Winter
Minimal watering needed. Protect from drying winds and winter sun in colder regions.